The Effect Of Zeolite And Vertisol Soil Conditioners On The Growth, Yield, And Water Use Efficiency Of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) In Sandy Soils
Keywords:
Zeolite Conditioner, Vertisol Soil Conditioner, Water Use Efficiency, Sandy Loam Soil, Barley PlantAbstract
This study examines the effects of zeolite and vertisol soil conditioners on the growth, yield, and water use efficiency of barley in sandy soils. While significant research has explored the use of soil conditioners to improve physical properties and water retention, a gap remains in understanding their comparative effectiveness under different irrigation levels. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three factors: conditioner type (zeolite and vertisol), conditioner level (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%), and irrigation levels (60%, 80%, and 100% of EP). The findings revealed that vertisol significantly outperformed zeolite in enhancing spike length, grain yield, and water use efficiency, particularly at higher conditioner levels. The results suggest that vertisol could be a more effective soil conditioner in sandy soils, providing practical implications for improving agricultural productivity in arid regions.
References
Abd El-Hady, M. and E. I, Eldardir. (2016). Effect of different soil conditioners application on some soil characteristics, plant growth. II-Soil evaporation, and dry-wet cycles. International Journal of ChemTech Research. Vol.9, No.10 pp 45-49.
Abdul Razzaq, M. M. A. (2015). Effect of IBA and Kinetin on oats (Avena sativa L.) yield and its components under moisture stress. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 11, Issue 4.
Ahmadi. A.; and Siosemardeh. A. (2005). Investigation on the physiological basis of grain yield and drought resistance in wheat: Leaf photosynthetic value. Stomatel conductance and non-Stomatel. Limitations. Int.J. Agric. Biolo., 7: 807-811.
Al Khedr, A. (2012). Effect of gypsum, zeolite, and organic fertilizer on two types of saline-alkaline soils and productivity of some forage crops under conditions of Deir Ezzor Governorate. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Euphvalues.
Al Khedr, A; Arslan.W, and Abdul Razzaq.O. (2016). Effect of zeolite on chemical properties of saline-alkaline soils and productivity of some forage crops in Deir Ezzor Governorate. Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 4, Issue 2: 74-89.
Al Rawi, A. Kh. (2002). Evaluation of center pivot irrigation system performance and its impact on some physical properties of gypsum soil and productivity of maize. MSc Thesis, College of Agriculture - University of Anbar.
Al-Alwani, M. M. Sh. (2005). Influence of moisture depletion and organic matter on some morphological, physiological traits, yield, and water consumption of white maize (Sorghum bicolor L.). MSc Thesis, College of Education - University of Anbar.
Al-Atab, S. M. S. (2008). Variation in soil properties and classification in some regions of Basra Governorate. PhD Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Basra, Iraq.
AL-Omran. A.M; A.M, Falatah; A.S, Sheta. and AL-Harbi. A.R. (2004). Clay Deposits for Water Management of Sandy Soils. Arid Land Research and Management 18: 171–183.
Benmoussa, M.; and A. Achouch (2005). Effect of water stress on yield and its components of some cereals in Algeria. J. Central European Agri., 6 (4): 427-434.
Black, C. A.; D.D, Evans; L.L, White; L.E, Ensminger and Clark. F.E. (1965). Method of Soil Analysis, ASA Agron. No. 9 part I and II.
Colombani. N; M, Mastrocicco; D, Di GiusEppe; B, Faccini and Coltorti. M. (2014). Variation of the hydraulic properties and solute transport mechanisms in a silty -clay soil amended with natural Zeolites. Catena 123: 195–204.
Dheyab, A.H and Al-Alwan, A.G.M. (2004). Study of chemical and physical properties of compacted layers in soil of sugar care field /Misan-Iraq.Basrah J. Agaric. sciences.vol,17(2).
Driessen, P; J, Deckers; O, Spaargaren and Nachtergaele. F. (2001). Lecture notes on the major soils of the world. FAO World Soil Resources rEport num. 94, 334 pp.
Eldardiry M.I and Abd El-Hady. M. (2015). Effect of different soil conditioners application on some soil characteristics and plant growth I-Soil moisture distribution, barley yield and water use efficiency. Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science. ISSN: 2315-5094., Vol. 4 (7) pp. 361-367.
Ghayyali, H; Bregila.S, Al-Zuabi.H.M; Ramadan.Y; Shibli.KH, Al-Hafez. A and Fatoom.M. (2015). Effect of Syrian natural zeolite ore on nutrient availability in soil and productivity of wheat and cotton crops in gypsum lands. Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 2, Issue 2: 130-142.
Gholamin, R. and Khayatnezhad. M. (2010). Effects of Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Stress on Two Cultivars of Wheat Triticum durum at Germination and Early Seeding Stages. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 9, 86-90.
Hassan, A.Z.A and Mahmoud. A.W.M. (2013). The combined effect of Bentonite and natural zeolite on sandy soil properties and productivity of some crops. Topclass Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 1(3) Pp. 22-28.
Hinsinger, P. (2001). Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root- induced chemical changes: a review. Plant and Soil, 237(2):173-195.
Holmes, D. A. (1994). Zeolites. In D. D. Carr (Ed.), Industrial Minerals and Rocks (6th ed., pp. 1129_1158). Littleton, CO: Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc.
Ismail, S. M. and Ozawa. K. (2007). Improvement of crop yield, soil moisture distribution and water use efficiency in sandy soils by clay application. Applied Clay Science 37(1-2):81-89.
Jackson, M. L. (1958). Soil chemical Analysis. Printice – Hall. Inc., Englewood cliffs. , N. Y. Karbout. N; M, Mousse; I, Gasmi and H, Bousnina (2015). Effect of clay conditioner on the performance of barley crop in arid environments. Mediterranean Journal of Biosciences, 1(1), 32-37.
Khan, M. B; N. Hussain and lgbal. M. (2001). Effect of water stress on growth and yield components of maize variety yhs 202. J. Sci., 12 (1): 15-18.
Liu, W.J., S. Yuan, N.H. Zhang; T. Lei, Duan; H.G. Liang and H.H. Lin. (2006). Effect of water stress on photosystem 2 in two wheat cultivars. Biolo.Plantarum. 50(4): 597-602.
Medrano, H; J.M. Escalona; J. Bota; J. Gulías and Flexas.J.(2002). Regulation of photosynthesis of C3 plants in response to progressive drought: Stomatel conductance as a reference parameter. Ann. Bot. 89:895-905.
Mojid, M. A; G.C, Wyseure and Mustafa. S.M. (2012). Water use efficiency and productivity of wheat as a function of clay conditioner. Environmental Control in Biology, 50(4), pp.347-362.
Page, A. L.; R. H, Miller and Keeney. (1982). Methods of Soil Analysis, part (2) 2nd ed. Agron.
ASA, Madison WI, Amer. Soc. Pisarovic, A; T, Filipan and S, Tišma. (2003). Application of zeolite based special substvalues in agriculture-ecological and economic justification. Periodicum biologorum, 105(3), pp.287-293.
Ramesh, K. and D.D, Reddy (2011). Zeolites and their potential uses in agriculture. In Advances in agronomy (Vol. 113, pp. 219-241). Academic Press.
Rehakova, M; S, Cuvanova; M, Dzivak; J, Rimarand and Z, Gavalova (2004). Agricultural and agrochemical uses of natural zeolite of the clinoptilolite type. Current Opinion in Soil State and Materials Science, 8, 397_404.
Richards, A. (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils Agriculture. Hand book No. 60. USDA Washington. Sahouki, M. M; Younis.N, and Al-Khafaji. (2013). Genetic variations of some traits associated with water stress tolerance in oats. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 44, Issue 5: 553-567.
Saleh, A. Th; Abbas.M.K. K; Huson.S. A; and Mohammed.M.A. (2011). Effect of natural clay deposits and irrigation water quality on some soil water properties of sandy soil. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 42, Special Issue: 38-93.
Singh, N.B; S, Deepmala and S, Amit (2009). Modification of physiological responses of water stressed Zea mays seedlings by leachate of Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia. General and Applied Plant Physiology, 35(1/2), pp.51-63.
Sumit, C.; and J. Divya (2014). Inter correlation studies among yield and its contributing traits in bread wheat genotypes grown in Haryana, India (Triticum. aestivum L.). International Journal of Current Research and Review. Periodical of Radiance Research Academy. Nagpur, M.S., India.
Swaad, A. R; Khayat.M, and Suleiman.A.H. (2016). Some physiological traits contributing to improved drought tolerance in durum wheat. Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 3, Issue 1.
Tambussi, E.A; J. Casadesus; S. Munne-Bosch; and J.L. Araus (2002). Photo protection, in water-stressed plant of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum): changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, spectral signature and photosynthetic pigments. Functional Plant Biolo, 29:35-44.
Van Bavel, C.H.M. (1949). Mean weight- diameter of soil aggregates as a statistical index of aggregation. Soil Sci. Soc. Pro. 14: 20-23. Xiubin H; H, Zhanbin (2001) Zeolite application for enhancing water infiltration and retention in loess soil. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 34, 45-52.
Yamada, M., M, Uehira; L.S, Hun; K, Asahara; T, Endo; A.E, Eneji; S, Yamamoto; T, Honna and H, Fujiyama (2002). Ameliorative effect of K-type and Ca-type artificial zeolites on the growth of beets in saline and sodic soils. Soil science and plant nutrition, 48(5), pp.651-658.
Youker, R.E., and J.L, McGuinness. (1956). A short method of obtaining mean weight diameter values of aggregate analyses of soils. Soil Sci. 83:291–294.
