Soil With Local P- Phytoremediation Of Crude Oil- Contaminated Plant Species
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51699/ijbea.v3i4.113Keywords:
Crude Oil Polluted Site, Plant Extraction, Iraq, Phytomanagement, Bioremediation, Contaminated Soil, P. Vittata, E. Aureum, M. Bracteata, I. Cylindrica, Soil CharacteristicsAbstract
One of the most extensive challenges to soil is contamination with crude oil this normally occurs in areas that experience bulky oil production and transportation. In this research the feasibility of four plant species indigenous to Iraq; namely Pteris vittata, Epipremnum aureum, Mucuna bracteata, and Imperata cylindrica are examined for their application in phytoremediation of soil polluted by crude oil. Held at the University of Baghdad, a greenhouse experiment was done by inoculating the soil with 5% (w/w) crude oil and then comparing the efficiency of the above plant species within a period of six weeks. The crude oil content of the soils was determined with UV-Vis spectrophotometer, pH of the samples was measured with pH meters while moisture content was determined by gravimetric technique. The results shown all the species of plant reduced the crude oil concentration and the highest removal efficiency of 50%. 36%. Vegetated treatments are also reported to have shown changes of the pH and moisture levels of the soil in the study. These findings should therefore serve to endorse the ability of local plant species to cleanse crude oil contaminated soils; as well as open up the prospect of local plant species’ utilization in sustainable environmental management strategies in Iraq. A number of recommendations are provided for future studies focusing on the long-term consequences of using these plant species for phytoremediation or the ways to improve the efficiency of these processes.
References
Acharya, P., & Singh, R. (2022). Assessment of crude oil contamination and its impacts on soil fertility. Journal of Environmental Management, 307(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114053
Anwar, M., Ali, S., & Khan, M. (2021). Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons: A review of plant species and mechanisms. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(45), 63512-63529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13943-8
Bauman, K., Smith, L., & Cooper, J. (2019). Evaluation of plant species for the phytoremediation of crude oil-contaminated soils. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 38(5), 1032-1043. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4363 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4363
Chen, W., Wu, L., & Lin, X. (2023). Soil pH and its effect on microbial activity during phytoremediation of oil spills. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 168, 108208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108208
Gao, Y., & Zhang, J. (2021). Comparative analysis of soil moisture content in phytoremediation studies. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 21(4), 1394-1406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00423-3
Gupta, R., & Singh, N. (2020). The role of local plant species in the bioremediation of contaminated soils. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 55(11), 1258-1271. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2020.1796758
Khan, A., & Liu, G. (2019). In-situ soil remediation techniques for petroleum hydrocarbons: A critical review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 370, 209-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.115
López, J., Rodríguez, A., & Fernández, J. (2020). Soil pH and moisture content in phytoremediation studies: A comparative analysis. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Soil Science (pp. 77-85). Soil Science Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37315-6_8
Mehmood, K., & Khan, M. (2022). Effectiveness of different plant species in the remediation of oil-contaminated soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 437, 129328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129328 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129328
Mishra, S., & Sinha, S. (2018). Application of UV-Vis spectrophotometry in soil contamination analysis. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 16(1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0653-7
Pandey, A., & Singh, D. (2021). Phytoremediation potential of native plant species for crude oil-contaminated soil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(8), 537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09165-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09165-0
Pérez, R., & Fernández, M. (2023). Impact of crude oil contamination on soil properties and plant growth. Soil and Sediment Contamination, 32(2), 99-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2023.2164687
Sharma, P., & Kumar, S. (2018). The role of local plant species in the phytoremediation of crude oil-contaminated soils. Ecotoxicology, 27(2), 176-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1991-4
Singh, A., & Jain, R. (2022). Advances in soil remediation technologies for oil contamination. Journal of Environmental Management, 317, 115380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115380 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115380
Smith, J., & Johnson, T. (2024). Application of UV-Vis spectrophotometry for monitoring crude oil contamination. Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 43(1), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2023.11.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2023.11.012
Wang, C., & Zhao, S. (2019). Soil moisture content and its impact on phytoremediation efficacy. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 83(4), 965-974. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2019.02.0071
Wang, L., & Zhang, H. (2021). Comparative study of phytoremediation techniques for oil-contaminated soils. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123978
Zhang, Y., Wang, X., & Li, Y. (2023). Advancements in phytoremediation of crude oil-polluted soils: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 440, 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128304
Zhao, Q., & Zhang, X. (2022). Gravimetric analysis of soil moisture content in environmental research. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 86(3), 700-710. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2021.10.0374
Zhou, X., & Li, Y. (2024). Assessment of soil pH and its effects on plant growth in contaminated environments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(1), 102-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-22443-5.
