The Impact of Bothriocphalus Achelognathi on the Biochemical Characteristics of Blood and Meat in Infected Fish
Keywords:
Bothriocphalus achelognathi, Fish parasites, Biochemical characteristics, Blood parameters, Fish meat compositionAbstract
The fish samples were collected in the study from the Great Zab River in Eski Kalk area during the period 1/5/ 2023 to 3/8 2023. The number of fish was 108 fish of three different species (Cyprinus carpio, Silurus triostegus, Liza abu). 66 of them were infected with Bothriocphalus achelognathi and 42 of them were not infected. The current study was conducted to know the effect of infection with the parasite Bothriocphalus achelognathi on the chemical characteristics of fish meat such as (protein, fat, moisture) and the biochemical characteristics of blood such as (total protein, cholesterol, glucose). And blood characteristics such as (RBC, WBC, PCV) and compare them with healthy fish. The results showed a significant decrease in protein values in the muscles of infected fish, and healthy liza abu fish recorded the highest increase in muscle protein. A significant decrease (P≥0.05) was also observed in the percentage of fat in the muscles of infected fish, while there were no significant differences in the moisture percentage. As for blood biochemical tests (total protein, cholesterol, glucose). The results showed a significant decrease in the values of total protein in the blood of infected fish except for silurus triostegus fish, where there were no significant differences (P≥0.05). As for cholesterol and glucose, a significant decrease was recorded in all infected fish. The results of blood tests in the fish of the current study showed differences in blood parameters between healthy fish and those infected with the parasite Bothriocphalus achelognathi and it was found that there was a significant increase in the number of white blood cells in all infected fish compared to healthy fish, with a significant decrease in the number of red blood cells in the fish, as well as the ratio of the measurement of the Packed cell volume.
References
Abbas,F., Rehman,M.H .,Andleeb,S andJaved Iqba,K.(2018). Biochemical Profile of Healthy and Lernaea Infected Major and Chinese Exotic Carps.
Ahmed, S.M. and Ali, A.H. (2013). Serum proteins and leucocytes differential count in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) infested with ectoparasites. Mesopot. J. Mar. Sci., 28(2): 151-162
AL-Deen, F. M. N., AL-Deen, M. S. B., & Ghaib, S. A. (2020). Comparative of some blood characteristics and biochemical parameters for some kind of fish in Qarata regionShwanKirkukIraq. Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS), 11(2).A
Almeida, F.M ., Martins, H.M.L ., Santos, S.M ., Freitas, M.S ., de Costa, J.M. G. and Bernardo, F.M. (2011). Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in feed for farmed sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Toxins, 3: 163-171.
AOAC International. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. (1980). Official methods of analysis (13th ed.).
Britton, J. R., Pegg, J., & Williams, C. F. (2011). Pathological and ecological host consequences of infection by an introduced fish parasite. PloS one, 6(10), e26365.
Chellappa, S. (1988). Energy reserves in male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Pisces, Gasterosteidae):annual variation and relation to reproductive aggression. PhD Thesis, University of Glasgow
Dezfuli, B. S., & Scholz, T. (2022). Fish parasites. Parasitology, 149(14), 1811-1814.
Docan, A ., Cristae, V.; Dedin, L. and Grecu, I. (2012). Studies of European catfish (Silurus glanis) leucocytes reaction in condition of rearing in flow-thru aquaculture. Lucrări Ştiinţifice Zootehnie, 53: 417- 423.
Duncan, D.B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F test Biometrics, 11: 1- 42.
El-Tantawy, S.A.M. & El-Sherbiny, H.A.E. (2010). Ectoparasitic Trichodinians Infecting catfish Clarias gariepinus inhabiting Nile Delta water of the River Nile, Dakahlia Province, Egypt. J. Am. Sci., 6(9): 656-668.
Gil, A. & Gil, F. (2015). Fish, a Mediterranean source of n-3 PUFA: benefits do not justify limiting consumption. Br. J. Nutr., 113(S2): 558-567.
Hashem, Dalia Sadad (2014). Biochemical differentiation of some fish parasites in Iraq. Master's thesis, College of Science, University of Kirkuk.
Hassan,A.H. Al-Zanbagi,N.A.and Al-Nabati,E.A.(2015). Biochemical Changes in Muscles and Liver in Relation to Helminth Infection
Lynch, A.J.; Cooke, S.J.; Deines, A.M.; Bower, S.D.; Bunnell, D.B.; Cowx, I.G. & Rogers, M.W. (2016). The social, economic, and environmental importance of inland fish and fisheries. Environ. Rev., 24(2): 115-121.
Marcogliese, D. J., Gendron, A. D., Forest, J. J., Li, W., Boyce, K., El-Shehabi, F., ... & McLaughlin, J. D. (2016). Range expansion and molecular confirmation of the Asian fish tapeworm in the lower Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River with notes on infections in baitfish. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 42(4), 819-828.
Mohsen, Farhan Damd (1983). Means, methods and laws of fishing and commercial fisheries. Basra University Press. p. 466.
Mohsen, Farhan Damd (1987). Means, methods and laws of fishing and commercial fisheries. Basra University Press.
Natarajan, P. and Nair, N. P. (1976). Effects of infestation by Lernaecnicus hemirhamphi kirtisingle, On the biochemical composition of the host fish Hemeirhamphus xanthopterus. J. Anim. Morphol. Physiol., 23: 25- 31.
Noor El-Deen, A.I.; Abdel- Hady, O.K.; Kenawy, A.M. & Mona, S.Z. (2015). Study of prevailing external parasitic diseases in cultured freshwater tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Egypt. Life. Sci. j., 12(8): 30-37.
Osmani, H. A ., Fadel, N. G. and Ali, A. T. (2009). Biochemical and histopathological alternations in catfish Clarias gariepinus infected with trypanosmiasis with special reference to immunization. Egyptian J. Compar. Pathol. Chem., 22(3): 164- 181.
Paladini, G., Longshaw, M., Gustinelli, A., & Shinn, A. P. (2017). Parasitic diseases in aquaculture: their biology, diagnosis and control. Diagnosis and control of diseases of fish and shellfish, 37-107.
Patriche, T ., Patriche, N. ,Bocioc, E. and Coada, M. T. (2011). Serum biochemical parameter of farmed carp (C. carpio). AACL Bioflux, 4(2): 137-140.
Pawluk, R.J.; Uren Webster, T.M.; Cable, J.; Garcia de Leaniz, C. & Consuegra, S. (2018). Immune-related transcriptional responses to parasitic infection in a naturally inbred fish: roles of genotype and individual variation. Genome Biol. Evol., 10(1): 319-327.
Pérez-Ponce de León G, Lagunas-Calvo O, García-Prieto L, Briosio-Aguilar R, Aguilar-Aguilar R. Update on the distribution of the co-invasive Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (= Bothriocephalus acheilognathi), the Asian fish tapeworm, in freshwater fishes of Mexico. JHelminthol. 2018 May;92(3):279-290. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X17000438. Epub 2017 May 22. PMID: 28528580.
Ponsen, S ., Narkkong, N ., Pamok, S. and Aencywanich, W. (2009). Comparative hematological values, morphometric and morphological observation of the blood cell in capture and culture Asian eel (Monopterus albus). Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci., 4(2): 32-36.1104.
Radhakrishnan,S., Nair,N.B. and Balasubramanian ,N.k.(1983). Adult cestode infection of the marine teleost fish Saurida tumbil (Bloch) Acta Ichthol .Piscat ,13(1):75-97.
Rahkonen, R., & Pasternack, M. (1998). Effect of experimental Diphyllobothrium dendriticum infection on the blood leucocyte pattern of brown trout at two temperature levels..Boreal env.res.vol.3
Reid, G.M.; MacBeath, T.C. & Csatádi, K. (2013). Global challenges in freshwater‐fish conservation related to public aquariums and the aquarium industry. Int. Zoo Yb., 47(1): 6-45.
SAS, 2005. Statistical analysis system .User's guide for personal computer release 8. 2 SAS Institute Inc.,Cary, NC., U.S.A.
Song, A.M.; Bower, S.D.; Onyango, P.; Cooke, S.J.; Akintola, S.L.; Baer, J. & Nunan, F. (2018). Intersectorality in the governance of inland fisheries. Ecol. Soc., 23(2): 17.
Sudhagar, A.; Kumar, G. & El-Matbouli, M. (2018). Transcriptome analysis based on RNA-Seq in understanding pathogenic mechanisms of diseases and the immune system of fish: a comprehensive review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19(1): 1-26.
Sures, B., Nachev, M., Selbach, C., & Marcogliese, D. J. (2017). Parasite responses to pollution: what we know and where we go in ‘Environmental Parasitology’. Parasites & vectors, 10, 1-19.
Tavares-Dias, M ., de Moraes, F. R ., Onaka, E. M. and Rezende, P. C. B. (2007). Changes in blood parameters of hybrid tambacu fish parasitized by Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea, Branchiura), a fish louse. Vet. Arh., 77(4): 355-363.
Tesfaye, S; Kasye, M; Chane, M; Bogale, B. & Abebeagre, Z. (2018) Preliminary survey of Gram-Negative bacterial pathogens from commonly caught fish species (Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio and Clarias gariepinus) in Lake Hayiq, Ethiopia. Fish. Aqua. J., 9(1): 1-7
Tørris, C.; Småstuen, M. & Molin, M. (2018). Nutrients in fish and possible associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors in metabolic syndrome. Nutrients., 10(7): 1-17.
Velázquez-Velázquez, E., González-Solís, D., & Salgado-Maldonado, G. (2011). Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda) in the endangered fish Profundulus hildebrandi (Cyprinodontiformes), Mexico. Revista de Biología Tropical, 59(3), 1099-1104
Watts, M ., Munday, B. I. and Burke, C. M. (2001). Immune responses of teleost fish. Aust. Vet. J., 79: 570-574.
Xi, B., Wang, G., & Xie, J. (2011). Occurrence of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda, Bothriocephallidea) in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Changjiang River drainage. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 29(3), 564-567
Yousuf, A. R., & Ahmed, F. (2012). Ummer Rashid Zargar, MZ Chishti. Parasitol Res, 110, 427-435.
Yuskiv, L. L., & Yuskiv, I. D. (2020). The lipid metabolism in carp during invasion by the tapeworn Bothriocephalus acheilognathi. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 11(2).
